Assignment #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#1 - Assignment Example His work can be used by the central banks to curb inflationary expectations appropriately. 2005: Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling: They received the award for their research of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis. Schelling applied the concepts of game-theory to international relations. Prof. Aumann’s work focused on the issue of effect of continued repetition of games on co-operation. 2004: Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott: They received the Noble prize for their research on effects of business cycles on international trade. They examined the driving forces behind business cycles, and analyzed the temporal consistency of economic policy 1998: Amartya Sen: Prof. Amartya Sen received the Noble prize for his work on welfare economics in case of famine, and suggestions to prevent it. His work focused on the human development theory, the underlying mechanism of poverty, and political liberalism. The Oxford English dictionary defines theory as â€Å"an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something† (â€Å"Theory†). Formulation of a theory is a step-by-step scientific process, starting from an opinion to stating the final theory. The starting point of a theory is an observation of a particular process. The interest created by this observation then leads to the formulation of an opinion regarding the process. This opinion is based on the available information regarding the same process, and the researcher’s beliefs. These opinions are also a reflection of the researcher’s expectations regarding the outcome of the enquiry. These opinion and observation then lead to the formulation of hypotheses. Hypothesis is a possible theoretical explanation of the observation made by a researcher to fill the gaps in the research previously done on the subject matter. This is followed by collection and classification of the data. Data collection is followed by the formulation of invariance

Classroom Management and Student Discipline Research Paper - 1

Classroom Management and Student Discipline - Research Paper Example 1). Thus, classroom management is instrumental to both effective learning and teacher retention. Classroom management strategies are highly defined by theoretical assumptions borrowed from various disciplines such as developmental psychology and biology. Borrowing from these disciplines is logical since classroom management is highly contingent to the specific age group. The goal of this essay is to examine the theoretical models behind the practices in classroom management. Towards this end, I will be comparing and contrasting three theoretical strands in classroom management practices. These are reinforcement theory, classroom ecology and group process, and child-centered traditions. The succeeding section of the essay highlights the theories I have chosen and provide examples of strategies that are hinged on the specific theory discussed. The third section will engage in a critical analysis of these theories. In conclusion, I will argue that the major theories though diverging at some points, do not necessarily contradict each other. I will emphasize the need for more empiri cal data on the classroom management strategies and the need for teachers to continuously engage in research to develop effective practices that have sound theoretical foundations. Strategies and practices in classroom management are hardly created from air. â€Å"There is no evidence to support the assumption that new teachers will just â€Å"pick up† classroom management skills given the experience and time (Ingersoll & Smith, 2003, p. 3). Like any discipline, effective techniques evolve through philosophical discussions and sound theoretical background. The following section discusses three of these major theories. Behaviorism became a popular concept in the early twentieth century, from which the reinforcement theory developed. â€Å"Reinforcement theory emphasizes the centrality of

Assignment 6b Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 6b Scenario - Essay Example This approach is generally favorable to a manufacturing division but not for a retail division. The second approach is the negotiated price approach. In this approach, a manufacturing division and a retail division both negotiate a price. The price of a product is set so that all of the variable costs of the manufacturer are covered and the price is lower than the market price, but the manufacturer still makes a profit. This method is commonly used when a manufacturing division has unsold inventory, as it can still sell products by using this method. This method is also more favorable to the retailer than the market price approach. The final approach is the cost price approach. In this method, a product is sold to the retail division at its standard cost or its actual cost. This price may even not be enough to cover all of the expenses of the manufacturing division. This method is the most profitable for the retail division, and it is unlikely to be supported by anyone in charge of manufacturing unless there is low demand for the manufacturer’s product or a massive amount of excess capacity at the manufacturer’s facility. There are several reasons why market price approach is the transfer pricing approach that should be used for Pharmafin’s new modules. One of the modules will be produced internally, and to produce it, the company’s production facilities will need to add new equipment. Production staffing also needs to be increased by ten percent. These large expenditures will make it necessary to use the pricing method that causes the company to receive the highest price so that it can cover the new expenditures. The marketing department shows that there is a high level of consumer demand for the new machinery. Because of this, the new machinery should sell even if it is sold at a higher price. The other two pricing approaches could lead to a lower price, but they might also lead to revenues that are inadequate to cover